
MEMORIAL EDITION 





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How to Sell 
The Life of Theodore Roosevelt 

1st. Examine your prospectus carefully and you will learn that you have 
an authentic Life Storj'- of one of America's noblest sons — a volume of over 
500 pages — new from cover to cover, and illustrated with over 100 pictures 
and characteristic portraits. It is a great book of a great man, well written 
and at a nominal price. We repeat, study your prospectus and the price page; 
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money-making opportunity and the untold amount of good you will do by 
selling such a Work of influence and inspiration, and your success is assured. 

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other striking pictures. Refer to his splendid likeness, and to his own signature 
opposite the title page. Say, with emphasis, "The American people will never 
forget Theodore Roosevelt! He was a wonderful man!" Now read title page; 
then Contents, "Famous Phrases," etc. You should study "In Memoriam" and 
road from it some striking paragraphs, especially the last paragraph, viz.: 
"Soldier of Liberty and friend of man, farewell!" etc. This shows you what 
a line, inspiring writer our authentic author is. Say — "Friend, this should 
be an inspiration to you!" Well, go right on describing the most striking 
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Don't lag in interest; be spirited and enthusiastic. 

3rd. You have come to the price page. This gives you an epitome, or 
summing up. Read it over time and again until you are very familiar with 
it. (Point to everything you read.) Read— "This Memorial Volume will live," 
-4c. Continue — "The complete book Avill contain over 500 pages," etc., "and 



in this fine, durable Buckram, durable as leather (turn to strip pasted in inside 
of back cover and point as you say), stamped in gold and marble edges, it 
comes at only $2.75. This also shows the thickness. It makes a book that 
will last a lifetime." Turn to list of subscribers and say — "Here are the 
number that have ordered it — you will want a copy when I deliver the rest, so 

you may put your name right on this line below Mr. ." (Point to line 

as you hand pencil.) If your prospect hesitates, say — "In this cheaper cloth 
binding, just like this sample (hold up front cover in full view and turn quickly 
to show back cover and thickness of book, as indicated on back cover), it 

comes at only $ . Now, which do you prefer? Most of my customers want 

it in the better binding. You see, this volume will live; it is a standard biog-- 
raphy of a typical American!" If prospect still hesitates, turn back, show 
more striking pictures, etc., and try again. / 



i 




THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND HIS GALLANT SONS 

Top — Lieut. Quentin Roosevelt, Killed in Aerial Combat in France, 1918; Left, 

Capt. Archibald Roosevelt; Right, Lieut. -Col. Theodore Roosevelt, 

Jr.; Bottom, Capt. Kermit Roosevelt. 

— Copyright, A. Thomas. 




Colonel Roosevelt Opening the Fourth Liberty Loan Drive in the City of Baltimore, 
September 28, 1918. 




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LIFE AND WORK 

OF 

Theodore Roosevelt 

TYPICAL AMERICAN 

Patriot, Orator, Historian, Sportsman, Soldier, 
Statesman and President 

By 
THOMAS H. RUSSELL, LL.D. 

Author of "America's War for Humanity," etc., etc. 



WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY 

MERRITT STARR, M.A., LL.B. 

Contemporary at Harvard University and Friend of Colonel Roosevelt 

A SPECIAL TRIBUTE BY 

MAJOR-GENERAL LEONARD WOOD, U.S.A. 

Commanding the Department of the Lakes; " , ■■ , 

Former Chief of Staff, United States Army ■; , ', 

ALSO SPEOAL ARTICLES AND TRIBUTES OF RESPECT 

BY MANY LEADERS IN PUBUC LIFE, INTIMATE FRIENDS AND 

POLITICAL ASSOCIATES OF THE FORMER PRESIDENT 



Illustrated with Many Characteristic Portraits and 
Scenes in a Wonderful Life 



Copyright, 1919, by 
L. H. Walter 



N. B. — The photographs reproduced in this book arc copyrighted by 
Underwood & Underwood, New York; the International Film Service, 
Western Newspaper Union, or others, by whom all rights of further repro- 
duction are reserved. 

-EB 10 1S19 



SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS 

Among the special features of this volume will be 
signed articles and tributes of appreciation and respect 
to the memory and services of Colonel Roosevelt by the 
following leaders in public life and close associates of 
the former President: 

Major-Geneeal Leonard Wood, U. S. A. 

Hon. Hiram W. Johnson, U. S. Senator from Cali- 
fornia. 

Hon. Frank 0. Lowden, Governor of Illinois. 

Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, former U. S. Senator. 

Bishop Samuel Fallows, D. D., LL. D. 

Hon. Joseph G. Cannon, former Speaker of the 
House of Representatives. 

Hon. William E. Borah, U. S. Senator from Idaho. 

Hon. Miles Poindextee, U. S, Senator from Wash- 
ington. 

Right Hon. David Lloyd George, Premier of Great 
Britain. 

Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, Pastor of Plymouth 

Church, Brooklyn. 
Hon. Arthur Capper, Governor of Klansas. 
Hon. Reed Smoot, U. S. Senator from Utah. 

Samuel Gompers, President of the American Fed- 
eration of Labor. 
Sir John AVillison, Toronto, Ontario. 
Hon. William D. Stephens, Governor of California. 
Judge Ben Lindsey, Denver, Colorado. 
Hon. J. A. A. Burnquist, Governor of Minnesota. 
Hon. Andrew J. Peters, Mayor of Boston. 

2 



CONTENTS 



Preface 3 

Theodore Roosevelt — In Memoriam 11 

Introduction, by Merritt Starr 17 

CHAPTER I. Birth and Boyhood 31 

Theodore Eoosevelt's Parents and Ancestry 
— Earliest of American Pioneers — Social 
and Political Leaders in New York City. 

CHAPTER II. Life at College 53 

Enters Harvard University at Eighteen — 
Early Tastes for Study and Sports — Mem- 
bership in Clubs, etc. — Graduates with 
Honors. 



CHAPTER III. 



Entry into Politics 65 

A Born Leader of Men — Friend of Good 
Government and Foe of Bosses and Ma- 
chine Eule — Early Promise of a Great 
Career. 



CHAPTER IV. 



Life on the Ranch 81 

A Real Comrade of the Cowboys — Lack of 
Fear and Respect for Law and Order — 
Hunting Wild Animals and "Rustling" 
Bronchos — Fight with a Grizzly Bear. 



CHAPTER V. Return to Political Life 107 

An Early Factor in National Affairs — A 
Loyal Party Man, but an Intense Amer- 
ican — Purifying New York Politics. 



CHAPTER VI. 



His Work for the Navy 127 

Keen for Target Practice — Preparing the 
Navy for Efficient Action — Selection of 
Dewey for the Pacific Command- 



CONTENTS—Continued 



CHAPTER VII. 



The Rough RroERS 145 

Kesigns Office to Raise Men for War — His 
Popularity in the West — Friendship for 
Leonard Wood — Eecord in the Spanish 
War. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



CHAPTER IX. 



CHAPTER X. 



CHAPTER XI. 



CHAPTER XII. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



Governor of New York 167 

Triumphantly Elected After His Service in 
Cuba — Inaugurates Eeforms in Every 
Branch of Administration. 

Elected Vice-President 179 

Nominated Against His Protest — A Strik- 
ing Figure in the Campaign — Speeche's 
for McKinley — Presiding Over the Senate. 

He Succeeds McKinley 197 

Assassination of the President — Mr. Roose- 
velt 's Genuine Grief — He Takes the Oath 
of Office — Carrying Out Policies of His 
Predecessor. 

Election as President 217 

Returned to Office by an Immense Popular 
Majority — His Policies and Their Re- 
sults — President of the Whole People. 

Record in the White House 239 

A Truly Great President — Administration 
Filled vrith Reforms — The Monroe Doc- 
trine Stoutly Upheld — A Great Tour of 
the West. 

The Panama Canal 261 

He Substitutes Action for Talk — ^Recog- 
nizes the Panama Republic and Sets the 
Diggers at Work — Action Justified by 
Results. 

In Africa and Europe 275 

Hunting Big Game for Relaxation from the 
Cares of Office — Remarkable Tour of 
European Capitals — Triumphant Return 
to the United States. 
5 



CONTENTS— Continued 



CHAPTER XV. 



CHAPTER XVI. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



CHAPTER XIX. 



CHAPTER XX. 



CHAPTER XXI. 



CHAPTER XXII. 



The Progressive Party 301 

Leadership of the Kevolt Against Bossism — 
Candidate of the New Party — A Mem- 
orable Campaign — Election of Woodrow 
WDson. 

The Campaign of 1916 319 

Nominated by the Progressives, He Declines 
to Run and Supports Hughes — Passing 
of the Progressive Party — Roosevelt's 
Strength Among the People. 

Apostle of Preparedness 337 

A Great Voice Crying in the Wilderness — 
He Foresees the Dangers of the Situation 
— National Leaders Forced to Agreement 
with His Views. 

With America at War 361 

Col. Roosevelt's Attitude — Offer to Raise a 
Division Declined — Consistent Denuncia- 
tion of Germany — His Heart with the 
Allies — Supports All War Endeavors. 

A Family of Patriots 387 

Four Sons in the Service — Death of His 
Youngest in Aerial Combat — Other Sons 
Wounded and Honored by the United 
States and Allies. 

Anecdotes of Roosevelt 407 

Little Stories That Illustrate the Character 
and Activities of the Great American in 
Hifl Private and Political Relations. 

An Ideal Home Life 437 

The Family Circle at Sagamore Hill — The 
Colonel's Love for Children — Marriages 
of His Sons and Daughters — His Grand- 
children. 

The Young Man's Hero 443 

Roosevelt the Idol of American Youth — 
Secret of His Influence Over the Young — 
His Regard for the Boy and Views on 
Education and Training. 
6 



CONTENTS— Continued 

CHAPTER XXIII. Death and Burial 451 

Sudden End After a Prolonged Period of 
Troublesome Maladies — Active to the 
Last — Final Message to the American 
People — A Modest Funeral, Impressive in 
Its Simplicity. 

CHAPTER XXIV. Tributes by Public Men 467 

CHAPTER XXy. A World in Mourning 481 

CHAPTER XXVI. Roosevelt the Author 493 

CHAPTER XXVII. His Place in History 501-512 



By Senator Johnson of California 

(Running Mate of Colonel Roosevelt in 1912) 

The greatest American of our generation has passed 
away. He had a truer vision, a higher courage, a wiser 
statesmanship than any man of our time. I cannot speak 
of him in ordinary terms. To me he had no parallel — 
none approached him in virility or force or profound 
knowledge of varied subjects. He stood alone in great- 
ness of perception, in courage for the right as he saw 
it. I am mourning not only the greatest American, 
a world figure such as time seldom presents, but a 
thoughtful, kindly, affectionate friend. 




LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

afraid to die. He was a many-sided character, but all 
sides were good, as difficult to give a word picture of as it 
is to write a description of the Grand Canyon or any 
great and complex thing. 

We have lost a great leader in the crisis of the 
nation's life. He has left us in his writings, in his work, 
in his precepts and ideals, clear guides for the future. 
Though his voice is silent, his spirit lives and will live to 
stir us to effort in times of public danger and to stimulate 
our righteous efforts for good government, fair dealing, 
and right hving at all times. Wise leader, true patriot, 
devoted husband and father, the best type of American, 
such was Theodore Eoosevelt. We can ill spare him in 
these days. In his last message to us he has left an 
inspiration and preached a lesson which we must heed. 



XS5B—IBXB 

A great leader of men has fallen with a crash untimely 
and all the world bows its head in sorrow at his loss. 

In his native land the hum of industry and of commerce 
is hushed and stilled as the mortal remains of Theodore 
Eoosevelt are laid to rest, and millions mourn his passing. 

The sorrow of his fellow-countrymen knows no class, 
no creed, no color. Rich and poor alike knew him, 
respected him, esteemed him, admired him, trusted him, 
followed him, and loved him. He was the American par 
excellence, the plus-American, the prototype and exemp- 
lar of all the ideals that true Americans stand for and 
strive after, in public and in private life. He typified 
America, mth an upright, unselfish, virtuous, red-blooded 
and God-fearing personahty. 

In distant lands, where kings and emperors, whom he 
was wont to meet on terms of perfect equality, delighted 
to do him honor, the name of Roosevelt was a household 
word, and the voice of sorrow at his death finds sincere 
and eloquent expression. 

From the democratic kings who are the only mon- 
archs left in Europe by the tremendous wave of progress 
whipped up by war, there come the tributes of more than 
mere diplomacy, more than old-world courtesy. They, 
too, knew him and were moved to admiration of his stal- 
wart manhood and sterling statesmanship. Responsible 
ministers of mighty foreign powers, ambassadors of 

11 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Wherever he went, in whatsoever society he found 
himself, Theodore Roosevelt was at home. Honored in 
the most exclusive circles of the metropolis, he was 
equally welcome in the ranch-house of the plains and the 
abode of the lowly. No public man in America — probably 
none in the world, save Gladstone — was ever so univer- 
sally known and identified by his mere initials. Certainly 
no American was ever so constantly greeted and 
acclaimed in public by the diminutive pet-name of his 
boyhood. These were no tokens of ordinary popularity ; 
they were tokens of popular love. 

Unfailingly courteous to women, he became their 
especial champion, recognizing their power in human 
affairs and the rights to which they are entitled. He 
fought for all the downtrodden and oppressed. Though 
born in the only real American aristocracy, that of brains 
and culture, he was pre-eminently a man of the people. 
And, behold, how easy it is to shorten that statement in 
his case, and thereby paradoxically make it more com- 
plete : He was a man ! 

Soldier of Liberty and friend of man, farewell ! Rest 
thee in peace ! Though dead, thou still livest. Thy years 
of patriotic service have not been spent in vain. The les- 
sons of thy life and the glory of thine achievements shall 
never fade from the minds of thy grateful countrymen, 
and in their hearts thou art lo\angly enshrined till time 
shall be no more. 

We cherish thy memory here on earth; we commend 
thy spirit to God who gave it. 



January 8, 1919. 




AN UNADULTERATED AMERICAN 

By Chauncey M. Depew, former United States 
Senator from New York 

The whole public career of Theodore Roosevelt is 
lined with monuments in beneficent legislation. He was 
born two years before the outbreak of the Civil War, 
and was President of the United States when it was 
necessary to have a united country in support of policies 
for the benefit of the whole United States. For this 
destiny he was fortunate in his ancestors. His father, 
of Dutch and Scotch ancestry, was a leading citizen of 
New York, and one of the most useful and prominent 
citizens of the North ; his mother was from Georgia, and 
represented the best blood and traditions of the South. 
So he could appeal, as no President had been able to 
since the Civil War, to all sections of the country. North, 
South, East, and West. Harvard gave him an Eastern 
culture, and ranch life on the Western plains brought 
him in contact and close association with those pioneers 
who have discovered, developed, and peopled our terri- 
tories from the Mississippi to the Pacific. 

He inherited a small trust estate, the income of which 
was not sufficient for more than a quarter of his expenses 
of living, and yet it had the singular effect of destroying 
all ambition to accumulate a fortune. He always felt 
sure that by his own exertions he could so supplement 
this limited income as to meet all requirements and at 
the same time have the income as an anchor which in 
great stress or necessity would prevent his drifting to 

want. 

His activities were during the period of the greatest 
industrial development which this country has ever 
known, a period in which masterful men developed in an 
unprecedented way our natural resources, our manufac- 

18 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

him. He shouted to me so the Senator and everybody 
else could hear him: **Do you know that man?" I 
answered, **Yes, he is a colleague of mine in the Senate." 
"But," the President shouted, '4ie is a crook." Subse- 
quent events proved the President correct ; the man came 
within the clutches of the criminal law. 

I never knew such an omnivorous reader. He mas- 
tered all literature, past and present. Several times I 
called his attention to a book which had been sent me 
and was just on sale. He had already read it. 

He was intensely human. He had no airs, nor fads, 
nor frills. His cordiality was infectious, his friendship 
never failed. No man of his generation has so long held 
public esteem and confidence. His work in the world 
was great and greatly done. It is a commonplace when 
a great man dies to say, ''It is not for his contemporaries 
to pass judgment upon him. That must be left to 
posterity and to the historian after the passions of his 
time have been allayed." There are only two exceptions 
to this maxim: one is Washington, the other is Roosevelt. 
With this magnificent fighter, this reckless crusader, this 
hard-hitter, the world is stilled and awed when the news 
of his death is flashed over wires and cables, but the 
instant voice of friend and enemy is the same. All 
recognize the purity of his motives, the unselfishness of 
his work, and his unadulterated Americanism. 



22 



LIFE OP THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Tribute by Bishop Fallows 

Theodore Roosevelt stands as one of the most forceful 
illustrations of the truth that man can create circum- 
stances and conditions and not be controlled by them. 
From a puny infant, by rigid obedience to the laws of life, 
he became the incarnation of vigorous health and activity. 

He mounted by successive steps in official positions, 
all of which he honored by faithful doing, to the highest 
place to which man can aspire, the Presidency of the 
United States of America. 

He went there as the living embodiment of a vital 
Americanism. The various racial strains in his blood 
made him the one great type of the mighty nation which 
embraces the whole civilized globe in its fold. He did 
not wait to be forced by the imperious voice of his people 
to do their righteous bidding ; he led them splendidly for- 
ward over the top, in the cause of justice and the square 
deal. 

When God wills a great reform, he sometimes makes a 
man wrong-headed in the right direction to bring it about. 
If Roosevelt was ever wrong-headed, it was always in the 
right direction, and all the wrongs he confronted gave 
way before him. 

He felt the universe in his leaping pulses : 

"Bom for that Universe, he shrank not his mind, 
Nor gave up to party what was meant for mankind." 

His courage was proverbial. Over his grave, as over 
the grave of John Knox, could be truthfully said, ''There 
lies he who never feared the face of man. ' ' 

**Give me where I may stand and I will move the 
world," said Archimedes. Roosevelt made good his 
standing-place and moved the world. He was deeply 

27 



LIFE OP THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

religious, thoroughly rooted and grounded in the love of 
God and of his fellow-man. The call of humanity was 
thrilling music to his soul. And as the knight errant of 
the race he ever went full panoplied to break the lance 
to meet its needs. 

Side by side with Lincoln he stands in his rugged 
personality and in his all-pervasive sympathy with 
human kind. Like Lincoln he was the people's man. 
Nay, like him he was the world's man. And as at the 
death of Lincoln that world poured out its tribute of love 
and regard as it had never done before for anyone of 
woman born, so at the death of Roosevelt it sent the 
undying words of affection and esteem. The trinity in 
unity of the nation's greatest Americans we shall ever 
honor : Washington, Lincoln, Roosevelt. 




^l-^^^^^^i^^^^^ /^^h^'^^i^^tA^ 



28 




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At the University of Chicago. President Roosevelt Receiving the Degree of Doctor 
of Laws from President Harper and Faculty. 




Banquet in Chicago. The Most Notable Men of a Great City Were Gathered at 
This Feast in Honor of President Roosevelt. 




Three Generations of Roosevelts in a Family Group at Sagamore Hill. Left to 
Right — Theodore Roosevelt's Grandson, the Baby of Archibald; Colonel 
Roosevelt; Mrs. Archibald Roosevelt; Richard Derby, Jr.; Mrs. Theo- 
dore Roosevelt; and Baby Edith Derby on the Lap of Her Mother, Mrs. 
Richard Derby, Who Was Miss Ethel Roosevelt. 




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Theodore Roosevelt as a Cowboy in His Ranching Days in North Dakota, Where He 
Stood for I. aw and Order and Gained Robust Health. 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

By Hon. Joseph G. Cannon, former Speaker, U. S. 
House of Representatives 

President Roosevelt, in 1904, wrote that a man who 
goes into the actual battle of politics "must stand firmly 
for what he believes, and yet he must realize that political 
action, to be effective, must be the joint action of many 
men, and that he must sacrifice somewhat of his own 
opinions to those of his associates if he ever hopes to 
see his desires take practical shape." 

Throughout Roosevelt's administration, I had many 
conversations with him on many subjects, and I found 
him ready to follow that platform of political action, 
presenting his own ideas forcibly and earnestly and 
giving fair consideration to the ideas and arguments of 
others. The great volume of important and progressive 
legislation enacted during the Roosevelt administration 
was accomplished in that way, by cooperation and 
coordination of the legislative and executive departments 
of the government, and by the sacrifice of some opinions 
on both sides. That cooperation made the Roosevelt 
administration a great Republican administration and a 
great American administration — two synonymous terms. 
That administration defeated Bolshevism sugar-coated 
with Bryan's rhetoric; and such cooperation will again 
defeat Bolshevism in the name of pure democracy. 




23 



LIFE OP THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Britain's Premier to Mrs. Roosevelt 

''I am deeply shocked to have the news of your 
distinguished husband's death. I feel sure I speak for 
the British people when I tell you how much we all here 
sympathize with you in your great bereavement. Mr. 
Roosevelt was a great and inspiring figure far beyond 
his country's shores, and the world is the poorer for liis 
loss." 




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An Irreparable Loss 

''The death of Colonel Roosevelt is an irreparable 
loss to the nation. His virility and courage were a 
constant inspiration. He personified the Americanism of 
which he was the most doughty champion. He demanded 
the recognition and performance of our national 
obligation in the war. 

"Back of all that was done in the war was the pres- 
sure of his relentless insistence. In response to his 
patriotic call lay the safety of civilization and in this 
hour of complete victory the whole world is his debtor." 

Charles Evaxs Hughes. 



By the Chief Justice of the United States 

"Mr. Roosevelt's death brings to me a sense of deep 
sorrow, of personal loss. \ATiile he was President his 
kindly consideration never failed, and many oppor- 
tunities were afforded me for observing the highness of 

24 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

(From Introduction by Merritt Starr, M. A., LL. B.) 

President Koosevelt was a man of initiative, and of 
organizing and driving power. The record of his accom- 
plishments is a long one. Here are a few of the things 
he did: 

Initiated our forest and land and river reclamation 
policy, 1901. 

Settled the great anthracite coal strike, 1902. 

Enforced the Monroe Doctrine in Venezuela, 1902-3, 
and in Santo Domingo, 1905-7. 

Recognized Republic of Panama and initiated Canal 
construction, 1903. 

Re-elected President, 1904, and was the only Vice- 
President who became President through the death of his 
predecessor and then succeeded himself. 

Negotiated the Russo-Japanese Peace Treaty, 1905. 

Received the Nobel Peace Prize, 1906. 

Established Roosevelt Foundation for Industrial 
Peace, 1907. 

Sent the United States fleet round the world, 42,000 
miles, 1908. 

Assembled first House of Governors in Conservation 
movement, 1908. 

Editor of ''The Outlook," 1909-1914. 

Hunted in Africa and toured Europe, 1909-1910. 

Special Ambassador to England, funeral of Edward 
VII, 1910. 

Lectured at European universities, Oxford, Paris, 
Berlin, 1910. 

In February, 1912, the Governors of seven States 
requested him to lead the Progressive campaign, which he 
did, 1912. 

30 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

example followed in Costa Rica, establishing a policy of 
civil protectorate for the smaller states. 

Social and industrial justice, and the welfare of 
America, he made a leading public policy. 

He appointed the first Country Life Commission. 

Enforced and extended the 8-hour law, and made it 
alive. 

Secured workmen's compensation and employers' lia- 
bility laws. 

Established the Bureau of Mines and rules to protect 
miners. 

Maintained the open shop, for both union and non- 
union labor. 

His book, "Conservation of Womanhood and Child- 
hood," published in 1912, practically initiated the move- 
ment to protect woman labor and forbid child labor. 



Such was our great leader. Now, as a simple human 
incident that shows his quality, let me tell you how I first 
saw him. 



^-c^^yJk' (U/a^ 



32 



CHAPTER I. 
BIRTH AND BOYHOOD 

Theodore Roosevelt, destined to become twenty-sixth 
President of the United States, was born in New York 
City, October 27, 1858. He came of one of the oldest 
Dutch-American families. For six generations his for- 
bears have been prominent in the councils of New York 
City. 

The founder of the family, Claes Martanzoon van 
Rosevelt, as the name was originally spelled, came to 
America in 1649. His son, Nicholas, was a New York 
alderman of the Leislerian party. John Roosevelt, Cor- 
nelius C. Roosevelt and James Roosevelt also served as 
aldermen, and James Roosevelt was by turns alderman, 
assemblyman, congressman and a Supreme Court justice. 

But although Theodore Roosevelt's name was Dutch, 
there was mingled in his veins Irish, Scotch and Huguenot 
blood, and his mother was a Southerner. She was Martha 
Bulloch, daughter of James Stevens Bulloch, a major in 
Chatham's battalion, and a granddaughter of General 
Daniel Stewart of Revolutionary fame. His father, Theo- 
dore Roosevelt, Sr., organized a number of New York 
regiments in the Civil War, and was one of the leaders in 
organizing the Sanitary Commission and in other work 
for the soldiers of the North. He was a practical philan- 
thropist and the works he accomplished for the poor were 
legion. When he died, in 1878, flags flew at half-mast all 
over the city of New York and rich and poor followed him 
to the grave. 

31 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

As a boy the young Theodore was puny and sickly; 
but with that indomitable determination which charac- 
terized him in every act of his life, he entered upon the 
task of transforming his feeble body not merely into a 
strong one, but into one of the strongest. How well he 
succeeded every American knows. This physical feeble- 
ness bred in him nervousness and self -distrust, and in the 
same indomitable way he set himself to change his char- 
acter as he changed his body, and to make himself a man 
of self-confidence and courage. He has told the story 
himself in his autobiography : 

''When a boy I read a passage in one of Captain 
Marryat's books which always impressed me. In the 
passage the captain of some small British man-of-war is 
explaining to the hero how to acquire the quality of fear- 
lessness. He says that at the outset almost every man 
is frightened when he goes into action, but that the course 
to follow is for the man to keep such a grip on himself 
that he can act just as if he was not frightened. After 
this is kept up long enough it changes from pretense to 
reality, and the man does in very fact become fearless by 
sheer dint of practicing fearlessness when he does not 
feel it. (I am using my own language, not Marryat's.) 
This was the theory upon which I went. There were all 
kinds of things which I was afraid of first, ranging from 
grizzly bears to 'mean' horses and gun-fighters; but by 
acting as if I was not afraid I gradually ceased to be 
afraid. Most men can have the same experience if they 
choose. They will first learn to bear themselves well in 
trials, which they anticipate and school themselves in 
advance to meet. After awhile the habit will grow on 
them, and they will behave well in sudden and unexpected 
emergencies which come upon them unawares. ' ' 

32 



CHAPTER VIII. 
THE ROUGH RIDERS 

When the Spanish war broke out Mr. Roosevelt 
resigned from the Navy Department to organize the 
famous Rough Riders. Although he had been a National 
Guard captain, he did not feel justified in taking com- 
mand of men, so he became lieutenant-colonel and Leon- 
ard Wood colonel of the regiment. Before the campaign 
was over he felt warranted in taking the colonelcy, Leon- 
ard Wood being promoted to a brigadier-generalship. 

Under a galling fire from the Spaniards on July 2, 
1898, the Rough Riders charged on foot up the low jungle- 
covered slopes of San Juan Hill, near Las Guasimas, led 
by Roosevelt, who had grown tired of waiting for orders 
to advance. The Spaniards were scattered, but Roosevelt 
in later years gave much credit for the victory to the sup- 
port rendered the Rough Riders by the colored troops of 
the Tenth Cavalry. His personal calmness under fire at 
San Juan contributed enormously to the wave of popu- 
larity which greeted him in subsequent political 
campaigns. 

When the war was over the soldiers were left in Cuba 
because of the slow arrangements of the War Depart- 
ment for transporting them home. The danger of pesti- 
lence among the unacclimated Americans was very great, 
and it was then that Colonel Roosevelt drew up his 
famous round robin, demanding that the soldiers should 
be taken home at once. 

127 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

It was derided as unsoldierly and the work of an 
amateur warrior, but the fact is that it was drawn at the 
request of the officers of the regular army. They saw 
the peril of remaining there, but they represented to 
Roosevelt that they could not afford to incur the hostility 
of the administration, whereas he being a volunteer and 
about to leave the service, had nothing to lose. Colonel 
Roosevelt accordingly wrote the letter, intending to sign 
it alone, but the other officers changed their minds and 
signed it with him. Its effect was instantaneous. Colonel 
Roosevelt was jeered at and satirized, but the troops were 
taken home. 

When they arrived at Montauk Point some one asked 
the Colonel about the state of his health. ''I'm feeling 
as fit as a bull moose, ' ' he replied. The simile attracted 
no special attention then, but when Colonel Roosevelt 
repeated it on other occasions it furnished a name to a 
great political party. 

Nominated and Elected Governor 

He returned to the United States to find himself a 
popular idol, with a universal demand going up for his 
nomination for governor of New York. He was nomi- 
nated and elected over Judge Augustus Van Wyck by a 
majority of 18,000. 

As governor he consulted with Boss Piatt, but it was 
soon observed that the results of these consultations were 
what Roosevelt wanted and not what Piatt wanted. Much 
scandal was caused among the elect by his habit of break- 
fasting mth Piatt, but these breakfasts usually resulted 
in Piatt's consenting to something he did not Uke in order 
to save his face as state leader. In one of his unsavory 
scandals, which darkened the old senator's later years, a 

128 



CHAPTER XV. 
THE PANAMA CANAL 

It was in President Roosevelt's first administration 
that the Panama Canal was made possible, and, though 
the manner in which he made it possible brought an ava- 
lanche of criticism upon his head, he never cared a jot 
for it. 

"We couldn't get the canal any other way," said 
Secretary of State John Hay once in a Cabinet meeting. 

The Spooner amendment, adopted in 1902, created a 
commission of seven members with power to select a 
route, and the commission decided in favor of Panama. 
Negotiations were begun for the purchase of the prop- 
erty of the French canal company. A treaty was nego- 
tiated with Colombia, but the Colombian Congress refused 
to ratify it. The impression in Panama and this country 
was that Colombia was simply holding back so as to 
force from the United States a higher price. The result 
was that Panama revolted. There is no doubt that the 
American Government was kept advised of Colombia's 
intentions and it gave such military and naval assistance 
to Panama that it was hopeless for Colombia to attempt 
to conquer her rebellious state. 

A new treaty was then negotiated with the new 
Republic of Panama, and in May, 1904, six months after 
the revolution, the Canal Commission secured full control 
of the Panama Canal Zone, under a perpetual lease, and 
began operations. 

The President's enemies called attention to the fact 
*hat he had warships in the neighborhood of Panama 

195 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

before anybody knew that a rebellion was to be attempted 
there, and that he used the whole military force of the 
United States to intimidate Colombia. Some time after- 
ward the New York World and the Indianapolis News 
printed an article charging illegitimate motives — Roose- 
velt's name was not involved, but those of a number of 
high-placed men were. The President invoked the whole 
machinery of government to punish Joseph Pulitzer and 
Delavan Smith, the proprietors of the two papers. 

The Roosevelt answer to all criticisms was voiced 
during a speech in Philadelphia prior to the state pri- 
mary election for Republican presidential delegates in the 
spring of 1912. 

"Since the days of Balboa," he said in substance 
then, 'Hhere have been dreams and talk of a waterway 
spanning the Isthmus of Panama and joining the waters 
of the Atlantic and the Pacific. There was talk of it in 
the early days of the RepubUc. De Lasseps started to 
build it, but his enterprise vanished in talk. There had 
been talk, and nothing but talk through successive years 
and successive presidential administrations until I recog- 
nized Panama. Now the talking has stopped. And the 
canal is being built." 

ACHIEVEMENTS AS PRESIDENT 

President Roosevelt's elected term ended in 1909 
after achievements of which the following are historical : 

1. Dolliver-Hepburn railroad act. 

2. Extension of forest reserve. 

3. National irrigation act. 

4. Improvement of waterways and reservation of 
water power sites. 

196 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

With Roosevelt in Africa 

Better qualified, perhaps, than any other man to give 
personal reminiscences of Theodore Eoosevelt as a hunter 
is E. M. Newman, the travel-lecturer. He was with the 
Colonel on the famous hunting trip in South Africa 
undertaken by the former President after he left the 
White House. 

For seven months they were together in Africa. That 
meant that they were leaders of a large hunting party, 
consisting of eight white men and 375 savages. Colonel 
Roosevelt was under contract to his publishers for a 
series of articles, and Mr. Newmian was, of course, seek- 
ing material for his subsequent lectures. 

**We met," said Mr. Newman, ''at Juja farm as the 
guests of William Northrup Macmillan of St. Louis. The 
farm was near Nairobi — and by near I mean a ride of two 
days by horseback. Nairobi is the capital of British 
East Africa. 

"The Macmillan bungalow was a comfortable place, 
roughly built, but furnished much as an American home 
would be, and lighted by its own electric plant. From the 
porch of that bungalow it was possible to see many 
scores of wild animals near at hand, but no hunting was 
permitted in the immediate vicinity. 

"Our long trips took us into the wilds and together 
we penetrated the jungles, the Colonel outwalking all the 
rest and often wearing out the men in attendance. Tired 
as the other members of the party were at night after one 
of the arduous days. Colonel Roosevelt was never too 
weary to sit up far into the night reading or writing. I 
mention this to show the vigor and endurance of the 
mam He carried with him to Africa a large number of 
books, for his reading was extensive and varied. 

256 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

*'In our long talks, continued Mr. Newman, ''around 
the camp fire or on our walks there were some outstand- 
ing characteristics that I noted particularly. These were 
the man's Americanism — his belief in and hope for 
American ideals and principles; and next to that his joy 
and pride in his family. I should have called him the 
ideal father. His views on matrimony and the duty of 
bringing up children are well known, and these were fre- 
quent subjects of conversation between us, the Colonel 
always maintaining that an unmarried man or woman 
was an abomination in the sight of the Lord. ' ' 

''What of the truth of the statement that Colonel 
Roosevelt was fond of killing and wantonly destroyed 
life?" 

"I should say there was no truth in it," stoutly 
declared Mr. Newman. "He hunted only in the interest 
of science, collecting rare animals, and with the exception 
of lions, which are considered vermin in South Africa, 
detested by the farmer, he killed only such animals as 
were needed for his collection. In fact, when I asked him 
at the beginning of our hunt whether he was a good shot, 
he answered 'I shoot often.' 

"His one stipulation when he formed our party was 
that the subject of politics should be taboo. The Colonel 
had just finished his second term as President, and was 
in need of a complete change. That was the reason he 
chose lion hunting in Africa. We adhered strictly to our 
agreement, but sometimes the Colonel would tell of some 
experience. 

"No fight was ever too hot for him, and he admired 
nothing more than a man who was a good fighter. He 
had no use for a 'mollycoddle' or a 'quitter.' Many a 

257 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

time lie has said of some opponent, 'My! Didn't he give 
me a bully fight I' 

' ' His versatility was remarkable, and on nearly every 
subject he was not only at home, but an authority. This 
I gathered from the respect Avith which experts treated 
his statements. Whether it was banking, farming or 
advising the British in the treatment of the natives, his 
opinions were seriously considered." 

Summing up Colonel Roosevelt's virtues, Mr. New- 
man called him ''positive in his views, decided in his 
principles, but yet tolerant of religious beliefs different 
from his own ; loyal to friends, gentle in his affections, a 
great companion, a great man. ' ' 

Hobnobbed with the Kaiser 

Colonel Roosevelt's subsequent tour through Europe 
was both triumphant and sensational. He hobnobbed 
with the German Kaiser, lectured at the Sorbonne and 
at Oxford University and was received with high honors 
in Sweden and Holland, and roused a storm in London 
by his speech at the Guildhall. It was in this speech that 
he lectured England on her duty in Egypt. He displayed 
an extraordinary familiarity with Egyptian affairs, but 
brought down upon himself a tempest of criticism by 
saying : 

' ' Now, either you have the right to be in Egypt or you 
have not. Either it is or is not your duty to establish and 
keep order. If you feel you have not the right to be in 
Egypt, if you do not wish to establish and keep order 
there, why, then, by all means get out. 

"As I hope you feel that your duty to civilized man- 
kind and your fealty to your own great traditions alike 
bid you to stay, then make the fact and name agree ; and 

258 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

show that you are ready to meet in very deed the respon- 
sibility which is yours. ' ' 

The criticism which this speech brought down on 
Roosevelt, to do the English justice, did not come from 
them; it came chiefly from scandalized Americans, who 
were horrified at the idea of a fellow- American under- 
taking to lecture a friendly power on its problems. The 
Enghsh took it very well and seemed to like it. France 
criticized it and Germany was bitter. 

Fought on Enemy's Ground 
In France, Roosevelt followed his usual policy of 
intrepidly attacking what he believed to be local evils in 
their home. It was not in London nor in Berlin that he 
preached his anti-race suicide doctrine ; it was in Paris. 
It was from the same motive that impelled him when dur- 
ing his campaign for the Presidency in 1912 he refrained 
from attacking the Democratic party until he got into 
the South, the home and birthplace of the Democratic 
party, and delivered his blast against it. If there had 
been anything timorous about him he would have made 
his attack in Minnesota, where it would have been safe. 
Instead, he picked out Atlanta, where it is almost treason 
to say a word against Democracy, and where his audience 
was made up entirely of Democrats. 

His defiant challenge was met by a roar from the 
audience. Their intention of howling him do\\Ti and 
keeping him from having a hearing was manifest from 
the moment he began his assault. For five minutes the 
tumult went on. It seemed as if his speaking were at an 
end. Roosevelt suddenly adopted one of the most 
unusual weapons ever employed by a stump speaker. 
There was a table near him, and he leaped upon it. The 

259 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

riotous mob was startled into stillness ; they had no idea 
of his purpose, and they waited to see what he would do. 
Before they could recover from their surprise he had 
shot half a dozen sentences at them, and by that time they 
had come under the spell and were willing to give him a 
hearing. 

This story had nothing to do with Roosevelt's Euro- 
pean tour and is told out of its regular order, but it is a 
good illustration of the way in which the Colonel always 
showed his courage by picking out the places where he 
knew any particular doctrine of his would be particularly 
unpalatable. 



While a strict disciplinarian in his home, Mr. Roose- 
velt mingled comradeship with exercise of authority in a 
manner that made a successful father. It is said of him 
that he postponed consideration of important affairs of 
state to "play bear" with his children and that he was 
known to excuse himself to a company of friends who 
were spending the evening at his home while he went 
upstairs to spank one of the children who had disregarded 
repeated admonitions to make less noise. He was a 
chum of all the members of his household. He repeat- 
edly expressed disapproval of the ** goody-goody boy." 
He said on one occasion: 

**I do not want any one to believe that my little ones 
are brought up to be cowards in this house. If they are 
struck they are not taught to turn the other cheek. I 
haven't any use for weaklings. I commend gentleness 
and manliness. I want my boys to be strong and gentle. 
For all my children I pray they may be healthy and 
natural. ' ' 



260 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

He Denounced Germany 

From the veiy outset of the European war Colonel 
Roosevelt's denunciations of Germany's militaristic pol- 
icy began. German newspapers, remembering his eulo- 
gies of the Kaiser, bitterly attacked him. With renewed 
energy, day in and day out, in speeches, editorials and 
interviews, he pleaded for *' preparedness" on the part 
of the United States, flayed the pacifists and excoriated 
the sentiments of those who sang "I Didn't Raise My Boy 
to Be a Soldier." 

In December, 1915, he wrote to Progressive leaders in 
Oregon, again saying that he would not again be a can- 
didate for the presidency. ''Perhaps the public is a little 
tired of me, ' ' he added. 

Nevertheless, when the Progressives convened in 
June, 1916, eighteen months later, the mention of his 
name brought forth cheering which lasted for ninety- 
three consecutive minutes. He declined to accept the 
nomination. An effort had been made to nominate him 
at the Republican national convention, and although he 
withheld his consent to this, his refusal to parley with the 
old wing of the party cast a gloom over Hughes' support- 
ers. After Hughes' nomination he gave him his indorse- 
ment, much to the disgust of the Progressives, who saw 
themselves left adrift without their idolized leader, but 
the damage had then been done to the hopes of both 
Republicans and Progressives. Again, as in 1911, Roose- 
velt's attitude, this time because of his aloofness, con- 
tributed largely to the election of Woodrow Wilson. 

From the beginning of the European war until the 
day when he was silenced by death. Colonel Roosevelt 
made America's concern in the struggle his constant 

277 




President and Mrs. Roosevelt, with Kermit. Archie, Ethel, 
Quentin and Theodore, Jr. 




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In Nebraska. "If, as individuals, or as a community, we mar our future by our own 
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LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

theme. Beginning with his intense feeling over the sink- 
ing of the Lusitania, he insisted on the immediate 
entrance of the United States into the war and criticized 
the administration with vitriolic fire until war was 
declared. 

To the end he maintained his dynamic denunciations 
of lack of military preparedness, calling daily for a larger 
army and navy, universal military training in time of 
peace and governmental ownership of munitions plants. 
He bitterly criticized the War Department, alleging its 
failure to provide sufficient equipment for American 
troops, and, only two weeks before the operation per- 
formed upon him in New York, went to Washington and 
delivered a sensational philippic before the National 
Press Club. 

Months before the United States entered the war he 
set about organizing a brigade, which he hoped he might 
be given permission to lead against Germany, recruiting 
it from his old-time associates in the Rough Riders, and 
from young officers, college men, engineers and athletes. 
It was one of his bitterest disappointments that the War 
Department could not see its way clear to permit the use 
of such an organization, and he relinquished the project 
only after a lengthy correspondence with Secretary 
Baker. 



278 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 




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Part of the original joint statement, in the Colonel's own 
handwriting, issued by Roosevelt and Taft in their reunion at 
the Union League Club in New York just before the last presi- 
dential election The upper section is in Roosevelt's hand- 
writing, the lower in Taft's. Roosevelt generously put Taft s 
name first in the introduction; note how Taft courteously 
amended it so that Roosevelt, the earlier President, who made 
Taft his successor, came first as it was given to the public. 

318 



CHAPTER XX. 
ANECDOTES OF ROOSEVELT 

Theodore Roosevelt, as assistant secretary of the 
navy, was instrumental in the selection of Dewey to take 
charge of the Pacific squadron during the Spanish-Ameri- 
can war. San Francisco and a few other cities objected. 
They did not know Dewey. 

A delegation was sent to Washington to kick against 
the appointment. The delegation was finally turned over 
to Roosevelt. He listened patiently to their objections 
and said: 

''Gentlemen, I camiot agree with you. We have 
looked up his record. We have looked him straight in 
the eyes. He is a fighter. We'll not change now. 
Pleased to have met you. Good day, gentlemen. ' ' 

A few days after President McKinley had been shot, 
when physicians had given the opinion that he would 
recover, no one felt more joyful than Vice President 
Roosevelt. 

"To become President through the assassin's bullet 
means nothing to me," he said at the home of Ansley Wil- 
cox in Buffalo. "Aside from the horror of having Presi- 
dent Mcl^nley die, there is an additional horror in 
becoming his successor in that way. The thing that 
appeals to me is to be elected President. That is the 
way I want the honor to come if I am ever to receive it. ' ' 

A drunken cowboy once entered the public room of an 
inn where young Roosevelt was staying. He loudly 
invited everybody to have a drink. All responded but 

259 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

young Eoosevelt. The stranger asked who he was, and 
on being told that he was a tenderfoot he turned and said : 

''Say, you, Mr. Four-Eyes, when I ask a man to 
drink, that man's got to drink." He whipped out his 
pistol and fired a shot. Roosevelt arose quickly and said : 

''Very well, sir," and walked toward the bar. But 
he whirled suddenly, and, pouncing upon the man with 
the ferocity of a tiger, knocked him out with one clean 
blow. He did not take the drink. 

The former President was a tireless reader of books 
and on his long railroad trips usually carried half a 
dozen volumes. But the side pocket of liis traveling coat 
always held one stoutly bound, well thumbed book — a 
copy of "Plutarch's Lives." On campaign tours and 
pleasure jaunts he took a daily half hour dose of Plutarch. 

"I've read this little volume close to a thousand 
times, ' ' he said one day, ' ' but it is ever new. ' ' 

"Mr. Roosevelt's creed?" writes Jacob Riis, his close 
friend for years in police work in New York. "Find it 
in a speech he made to the Bible Society a year ago. 'If 
we read the book aright,' he said, 'we read a book that 
teaches us to go forth and do the work of the Lord in 
the world as we find it; to try to make things better in 
the world, even if only a little better, because we have 
lived in it. That kind of work can be done only by a man 
who is neither a weakling nor a coward ; by a man who, 
in the fullest sense of the word, is a true Christian, like 
Greatheart, Bunyan's hero.' " 

Roosevelt was in Idaho one day when he saw a copy 
of his book, "The Winning of the West," on a news- 

260 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

stand. In talking to the proprietor he casually asked, 
pointing to the book : 

"Who is this man Roosevelt?" 

''0, he is a ranch driver up in the cattle country," the 
man replied. 

"What do you think of his book?" 

"Well, I've always thought I'd like to meet the 
author and tell him if he'd stuck to running ranches and 
not tried to write books, he'd cut a heap bigger figger at 
his trade." 

When the leader of the Rough Riders returned from 
the Spanish-American war he found all his children con- 
gregated near a pole from which floated a large flag of 
their own manufacture, inscribed : 

"To Colonel Roosevelt." 

He said that the tribute touched him more deeply 
than any of the pretentious demonstrations accorded 
him. 

"Theodore Roosevelt is a humorist," wrote Homer 
Davenport in the Philadelphia Public Ledger in 1910. 
"In the multitude of his strenuousness this, the most 
human of his accomplishments, has apparently been over- 
looked. There is a similarity between his humor and 
Mark Twain's. If Colonel Roosevelt were on the vaude- 
ville stage he would be a competitor of Harry Lauder. 
At Denver, at the stock growers' banquet during liis 
recent western trip. Colonel Roosevelt was at his best. 
He made three speeches that day and was eating his sixth 
meal, yet he was in the best of fettle. You couldn't pick 
a hallful that could sit with faces straight through his 
story of the blue roan cow. He can make a joke as fasci- 

261 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

nating as he can the story of a sunset on the plains of 
Egypt." 

Soon after the Roosevelts took up their residence at 
the White House a fawning society woman asked one of 
the younger boys if he did not dislike the ''common 
boys" he met at the public school. The boy looked at 
her in wonderment for a moment and then replied : 

''My papa says there are only tall boys and short 
boys and good boys and bad boys, and that's all the kind 
of boys there are. ' ' 

Boxing in the White House 

A characteristic anecdote of Colonel Roosevelt's 
fondness for fisticuffs was related after his death by Mr. 
Robert J. Mooney, formerly associate publisher of the 
Chicago Inter Ocean. The scene was the President's 
office in the White House during the presidential cam- 
paign of 1904. Mr. Mooney said : 

"I was in AVashington August 18, 1904, being then on 
the editorial staff of the New York Tribune. A boyhood 
chum of mine — I do not care to mention his name, as he 
is still in the Government service — met me and asked if 
I knew the President and could get him an interview. 

"I replied I knew William Loeb, the President's sec- 
rotary, and would do my best. I called up Mr. Loeb, who 
told me to bring my friend to the White House. We 
went. There was a line of more than 100 people waiting. 
I sent my card in to Mr. Loeb, who came out in a few 
minutes and beckoned us to come in. 

"In his private office the President hurried to greet us 
and said to my friend — who was amateur boxing and 
wrestling champion of the District of Columbia : 

262 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

*' 'You are the finest looking man in boxing togs I 
ever saw. Now tell me — how did you knock out Blank 

that night I saw you at the club ? ' 

<< 'Why, Mr. President, it was a punch like this,' he 
replied. He illustrated it in the air. 

' ' ' Show it to me ! Show it to me ! Hit me on the 
chin as you hit him. ' 

"My friend did it, but softly. 

" 'No, no; that won't do. Hit me hard. Hit me the 
way you hit him. ' 

My friend did it. He gave the President an awful 
punch in the jaw. 

" 'That's it, that's it. I've got it now,' exclaimed the 
President delightedly. 'Now let me try it on you.' 
"He did. He hit my friend and sent him reeling. 
" 'I've sure got it,' the Colonel said. 'I'm going to 
try it tomorrow on Lodge and Garfield. Won't they 
squirm?' And the President laughed like a boy. 

"I said to him: 'Mr. President, you've got the 
strongest back I ever saw.' 

" 'Yes, it is quite strong,' he rephed, immensely 
pleased. 

' ' Then I told him our errand. 

" 'Yes, I know all about you,' he said to my friend. 
'No man in the service is more entitled to promotion than 
you. You shall have it tomorrow. ' 

"We had been there an hour, talking and scuffling. I 
was scared for fear some secret service man might see us 
from the window. 

"I learned afterward that among the waiting crowd 
were W. C. Beer, a member of the firm of J. P. Morgan 
& Co. ; General Bojmton, one of the managers of the Asso- 
ciated Press, and several politicians of national fame, 
who wished to see the President about his campaign." 

263 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 



The Colonel's Last Letter 

Major E. J. Vattman, who was ranking Roman 
Catholic chaplain vnih the United States Army when lie 
was retired fourteen years ago and who for years before 
that had enjoyed the fullest friendship and confidence of 
Colonel Roosevelt, could not hold back the tears when 
news of the Colonel's death reached him in Wilmette, 111. 

Almost before he had recovered his self-possession 
the noon mail was placed before him. A familiar envelope 
topped the pile. Major Vattman 's hand trembled as he 
reached for it. 

''How can I believe him dead!" he asked. "His 
friendship lives for me still." 

Here is the Colonel's letter to the venerable chaplain 
— one of the last he lived to write and almost certainly 
the last to reach Illinois : 

''Dear Mgr. Vattman: Mrs. Roosevelt and I were 
really very much impressed by Father Garecbe's poem, 
'The War Mothers.' 

' ' We value the book for its own sake, and we value it 
especially because it comes from you. 

"With all good wishes, 

"Gratefully yours, 
"Theodore Roosevelt." 



470 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

DEATH AND BURIAL 

The untimely death of Colonel Roosevelt came with a 
suddenness that shocked the nation, in the midst of his 
active interest in public affairs. He died at his home on 
Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay, N. Y., on Monday morning, 
January 6, 1919, in the sixty-first year of his age. Two 
days later, on January 8, he was laid to rest, without 
pomp or ceremony, in Young's Memorial Cemetery, the 
village burial ground of Oyster Bay. He was buried on 
a knoll overlooking Long Island Sound and the scenes he 
loved so well, in a plot of ground which he and Mrs. 
Roosevelt selected soon after he left the White House. 

The immediate cause of the former President's death, 
which occurred in his sleep at 4 :15 A. M., was pulmonary 
embolism, or lodgment in the lung of a blood clot from a 
broken vein. He had long been a sufferer from inflam- 
matory rheumatism, traceable to an infected tooth from 
which he suffered twenty years ago. 

He died alone. James Amos, a faithful negro, who 
had served him since the days in the White House, 
alarmed by the patient's unusually heavy breathing, had 
left the bedroom to call a nurse. A moment later Mrs. 
Roosevelt was at her husband's bedside, and within a 
few minutes his cousin, W, Emlen Roosevelt, the only 
other near relative residing in Oyster Bay, arrived at 
Sagamore Hill to take charge of the family affairs. Mrs. 
Roosevelt was the only member of the former President's 
family at their residence at the time of his death. 

299 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

The Colonel had suffered a severe attack of rheumatism 
on New Year's Day, but none believed that his illness 
would prove serious. He sat up most of the day before 
his death, which was Sunday, and had retired at 11 
'clock. 

A local physician. Dr. G. W. Faller, was called to the 
Roosevelt home twice on Sunday evening to treat the 
patient's inflamed joints. 

''I am better now; I know I am better," the former 
President told him during the first visit at 8 o 'clock, but 
he was recalled to Sagamore Hill at 10:30 o'clock on a 
nurse's report that Mr. Roosevelt was quite ill. 

' ' I felt as though my heart was going to stop beating, ' ' 
the patient told his physician. "I couldn't seem to get a 
long breath." 

The doctor said that when he last saw him in life the 
Colonel ** looked just as he always did," and was cheerful. 

Forty-eight hours before the death the former Presi- 
dent, when \^sited by one of his physicians, was appar- 
ently in good condition and spirits. The Colonel laughed 
and joked and said he expected soon to renew his wood- 
chopping expeditions on his Sagamore Hill estate. 

Last Message to Americans 
Colonel Roosevelt's last message to the American 
people was delivered at the Ail-American benefit concert 
of the American Defense Society in New York on the 
evening before his death. It was read by Henry C. 
Quimby, a trustee of the society, because of the Colonel's 
indisposition. The message read : 

"I cannot be with you, so all I can do is to wish you 
Godspeed. 

''There must be no sagging back in the fight for 

301 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Americanism merely because the war is over. There are 
plenty of persons who have already made the assertion 
that they believe that the American people have a short 
memory, and that they intend to revive all the foreign 
associations which most directly interfere with the com- 
plete Americanization of our people. 

''Our principle in this matter should be absolutely 
simple. In the first place, we should insist that, if the 
immigrant who comes here in good faith becomes an 
American and assimilates himself to us, he shall be 
treated on an- exact equality with every one else, for it is 
an outrage to discriminate against any such man because 
of creed or birthplace or origin. 

''But this is predicated upon the man's becoming in 
fact an American and nothing but an American. If he 
tries to keep segregated with men of his own origin and 
separated from the rest of America, then he isn't doing 
his part as an American. 

' ' There can be no divided allegiance here. Any man 
who says he is an American, but something else also, isn't 
an American at all. We have room for but one flag, and 
this excludes the red flag, which symbolizes all wars 
against liberty and civilization, just as much as it excludes 
any foreign flag of a nation to which we are hostile. 

"We have room for but one language here, and that 
is the English language, for we intend to see that the 
crucible turns our people out as Americans, of American 
nationality, and not as dwellers in a polyglot boarding 
house, and we have room for but one soul loyalty, and 
that is loyalty to the American people. ' ' 



302 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

TRIBUTES BY PUBLIC MEN 

From far and near, when Roosevelt died, there came 
the tributes of all classes of men and women. There was, 
in fact, such an outpouring of mingled eulogy and regret 
that it seemed as if all who had known him in life hastened 
to show their appreciation of his patriotic career and 
services to America. Even many of those who had been 
arrayed against him in politics, and some who had been 
counted among his avowed enemies, joined the chorus of 
world-wide sorrow at his death and praise of his virtues, 
laying their tributes upon the bier of the great American 
with unstinted recognition of his patriotism and a sin- 
cerity that was unmistakable. 

Only a few of these tributes of public men and women 
can be reproduced out of the great mass of laudatory and 
regretful expressions, but the most significant and repre- 
sentative appear below. 

Proclamation by the President 

The following proclamation was cabled from Paris by 
President Wilson and issued at the State Department : 

Woodrow Wilson, Tresident of the United States of America. 

A proclamation to the people of the United States: 

It becomes my sad duty to announce officially the death of Theodore 
Roosevelt, President of the United States from September 14, 1901, to 
March 4, 1909, which occurred at his home at Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay, 
N. Y., at 4:15 o'clock in the morning of January 6, 1919. 

In his death the United States has lost one of its most distinguished 
and patriotic citizens, who had endeared himself to the people by his 
strenuous devotion to their interests and to the public interests of his 
country. 

303 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

As President of the Police Board of his native city, as member of the 
legislature and governor of his state, as civil service commissioner, as 
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, as Vice President, and as President of 
the United States, he displayed administrative powers of a signal order 
and conducted the affairs of these various offices with a concentration of 
effort and a watchful care which permitted no divergence from the line 
of duty he had definitely set for himself. 

In the war with Spain he displayed singular initiative and energy and 
distinguished himself among the commanders of the army in the field. As 
President he awoke the nation to the dangers of private control which 
lurked in our financial and industrial systems. It was by thus arresting 
the attention and stimulating the purpose of the country that he opened 
the way for subsequent necessary and beneficent reforms. 

His private life was characterized by a simplicity, a virtue and an 
affection worthy of all admiration and emulation by the people of 
America. 

In testimony of the respect in which his memory is held by the Govern- 
ment and people of the United States, I do hereby direct that the flags of 
the White House and the several departmental buildings be displayed at 
half-staff for a period of thirty days, and that suitable military and 
naval honors, under orders of the Secretaries of War and Navy, be ren- 
dered on the day of the funeral. 

Done this seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
sand nine hundred and nineteen, and of the independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty-third. 

WOODROW WILSON, 

By the President. 

Frank L. Polk, Acting Secretary of State. 

Cardinal Gibbons: ''It was a terrible shock to me to 
learn of the death of former President Roosevelt. I had 
been intimately acquainted with him from the time he was 
elevated to the high office of President of the United 
States, and we were very dear and good friends. It is a 
terrible loss to me and to the whole country." 

Major-General Leonard Wood: ''The death of my 
friend, Theodore Roosevelt, brings to me great personal 
loss and sorrow, but keen and deep as these are, they are 
but the sorrow and loss of an individual. The national 
loss is irreparable for his death comes at a time when his 

304 



LIFE OF THEODOEE ROOSEVELT 

services to this nation can ill be spared. Unselfish loy- 
alty, honest and fearless criticism have always charac- 
terized the life and work of Theodore Eoosevelt and he 
lived and worked always for his country's best interests. 
His entire life and work was one of service." 

Charles Evans Hughes: "His greatest service was in 
the last years, when, as a private citizen, he had aroused 
the nation out of its lethargy and indifference and sup- 
plied the driving force of a ceaseless and powerful 
demand which lay behind the efforts which made victory 
in the world war possible. The death of Colonel Roose- 
velt is an irreparable loss to the nation." 

Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federa- 
tion of Labor: ''Colonel Roosevelt rendered service 
of incalculable benefit to the world. I knew him for 
thirty-five years. I worked with him, and everyone, even 
those who differed mth him, concede his sincerity of pur- 
pose, his high motives and his anxiety to serve the 
people." 

Raymond Robins, first Progressive candidate for 
United States Senator from Illinois: ''Mrs. Robins and 
I are shocked beyond words. Our sense of the loss of a 
statesman and leader in the nation is less keen, at the 
moment, than our grief at the loss of a loved and gener- 
ous friend. The greatest statesman of his age, the Colo- 
nel was the best loved American since Lincoln. He chal- 
lenged the conscience of America." 

President Poincare of France: "I am very much 
affected by the death of Mr. Roosevelt. Well do I 
remember the dignified letter which I received from him 
after the death of his son, Quentin, in which he informed 
me that he was coming to France to visit the grave of his 
son. It is distressing to me to think that poor Roosevelt 

305 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

will not have an opportunity to lay flowers on the grave 
of his heroic son. 

''The whole heart of France goes out to Mrs. Eoose- 
velt in sympathy. 

''Friend of liberty, friend of France, Roosevelt has 
given, without counting sons and daughters, his energy 
that liberty may live. We are grateful. ' ' 

Colonel E. M. House (in Paris): "I am greatly 
shocked to hear the news that comes from America. The 
entire world will share the grief which will be felt in the 
United States over the death of Theodore Roosevelt. He 
was the one virile and courageous leader of his genera- 
tion and will live in history as one of our greatest 
Presidents." 

J. J. Jusserand, French ambassador to the United 
States: "The unexpected death of one who has upheld 
all his life the principles of virile manhood, straightfor- 
ward honesty and fearlessness will be mourned all over 
the world, nowhere more sincerely than in France, whose 
cause he upheld in her worst crisis in a way that shall 
never be forgotten." 

Henry White, one of the American peace commis- 
sioners: "I have heard of Mr. Roosevelt's death with 
deep sorrow because of the loss to the nation of a great 
public servant and to myself of a lifelong friend." 

Herbert C. Hoover: "The news of Mr. Roosevelt's 
death comes as a distinct shock. America is poorer for 
the loss of a great citizen, the world for the loss of a 
great man." 

Robert Lansing: "The death of Colonel Roosevelt 
removes from our national life a great American. His 
vigor of mind and ceaseless energy made him a conspicu- 
ous figure in public affairs." 

306 







THE NATION'S GOLD STAR 

(Harry Murphy in the Chicago Herald and Examiner) 



308 




In the State of Washington. The Youth, Vigor and Beauty of 
the Great Northwest Turned Out to Greet Him. 




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At Pocatello, Idaho. "What American stands for more than 

aught else, is for treating each man on his 

worth as a man." 




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Colonel Roosevelt and General Slatin Off to Visit the Sights at "Kerreri." Although 

the Colonel Had Ridden Bucking Bronchos During His Life on the Western Plains 

in America, He Went Through a New Experience in Egypt — Like the 

Game Sportsman That He Was, He Mounted the Camel and Soon Was 

at His Ease. They Were on Their Way to Visit a Famous Battlefield. 




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At Ogden, Utah. Secretary of Agriculture Wilson, President 
Roosevelt and Senator Smoot. 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

"We Call Him Teddy" 
A touching tribute by Mr. Elmore Elliott Parker 
appeared in the Chicago Evening Post of January 8, as 
follows : 



^n tog ^atljer's hanse nve nxan^ tnanaions; ii ii toeve 
nai B0 ^ UJ0uIi^ lintse iaib goit; for ^ 90 to prepare a place 
for ^ou. — Ifol^n xit. 2. 



The genius that can be analyzed is no genius at all. Like the whirl- 
wind, it is a law unto itself. So with the great soul whose flight from 
earth we mourn today. 

To weigh Theodore Roosevelt, to scale his dimensions with a tape, to 
label and classify his parts, is a baffling and futile undertaking. He pre- 
sented a thousand facets to life. Packed within his tenement of clay were 
the makings of a score of average men. Reverently lifting the veil of his 
personality we see within the statesman, the diplomat, the student, the 
hunter, the naturalist, the author, and all the others. But it is not vouch- 
safed us to see the ego, the "I am," the spirit, the bit of divinity — call it 
what you will — by which he marshaled these potentialities into one and 
hurled them like a thunderbolt. 

Nothing was too little or too big for his earnest scrutiny. Those near- 
sighted, squinting eyes which millions know and love would scan with equal 
interest the mountain and the tiny marmot which burrowed in its flank. In 
spite of the manifold tasks and the weighty responsibilities which beset his 
public life — which was practically his whole life — he found time, somewhere, 
somehow, to read and write voluminously; to ride and hunt and shoot and 
play tennis; to hunt in Africa and explore in South America; to study the 
conifers of the Rockies and to patiently and lovingly observe the tiny 
warblers which each spring and fall fluttered and lisped about the grounds 
of Sagamore Hill. 

He had learned the golden truth that the only things on earth with- 
out interest are the things of which we are ignorant; that all the appur- 
tenances of the imiverse, from the tiny desert plant which runs its cycle 
of life in a fortnight to the enduring and eternal Milky Way, are but the 
exceptions of the Creator, for the instruction, uplift and salvation of man. 

311 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Yet he was no Gradgrind. An irrepressible ebulliency silvered over 
the dullest tasks for him. He wrestled with them like a boy at play. 
Hence above all his purely intellectual or practical interests towered his 
love of Man. From this love sprang his intense hatred of injustice, of 
inequality of opportunity, of any limitation of political, social or economic 
rights. And from this love, coupled with the vision of a seer, sprang his 
instantaneous recognition and detestation of Prussian kultur, making him 
for the time as a voice crying in the wilderness. 

Thus it came about that he was at once, for a season, the most-loved 
and the most-hated man, perhaps, in America. Thus it came about that 
while thousands clamored to be led by him to the cannon's mouth, there 
were others who sought to do him to death. 

Conscious of his rectitude, as genius always is, he acknowledged no 
bounds for the play of his tremendous energy. In the ardor of battle he 
tossed aside all conventional restraints. In season and out of season — 
as we lesser ones would say — he branded sham and pretense and greed 
and lust of power with the red-hot iron of his righteous indignation — even 
his anger, as he himself called it. 

Yet no one was quicker than himself to recognize his mistakes. And 
who, after all, shall assume as yet to chart his orbit and measure his devia- 
tions therefrom? 

That shall be the task of men yet unborn. For the battle in which 
he enlisted is only begun. Nineteen-twelve was but the reveille. And 
1914-1918, with all its blood and horror, may prove but the skirmish. 
Today the forces of the world are gathering for the real Armageddon, and 
we may be sure that the soul of their great captain is watching them from 
his celestial aerie. 

"Many-sided," multi-angled Roosevelt! Equally at home in the 
throneroom of royalty and the bunkhouse of the plains! Comrade alike 
of the cowboy and the intellectual! Citizen of the world, champion of 
mankind! So sweet and chivalrous with women; so frank and kindly with 
men! A caress for what he loved, a blow for what he hated! 

So we caU him ' * Teddy. ' ' A few may remember him as Col. Roose- 
velt; others as President Roosevelt. But in the hearts of his countrymen, 
as they weep today and as they recount his deeds to their children tomor- 
row, he will be "Teddy" — a Christian gentlemen, a faithful friend, a fear- 
less foe. 

Eequiescat in pace! 



312 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Views on Various Topics 

Following are some quotations from addresses by 
Colonel Roosevelt, which show his versatility and his 
views on many subjects : 

From Sorbonne, Paris, lecture, April 23, 1910 : 

' ' The greatest of all curses is the curse of sterility and 
the severest of all condemnations should be visited upon 
the willful sterile. The first essential in any civilization 
is that the man and the woman shall be father and 
mother of healthy children, so that the race shall increase 
and not decrease. 

''It is not the critic that counts; not the man who 
points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the 
doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit 
belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose 
face is marred by dust and sweat and blood ; who strives 
valiantly, who errs, and comes short again and again, 
because there is no effort without error and shortcoming ; 
but who does actually strive to do the deeds. Shame on 
the man of cultivated taste who permits refinement to 
develop in a fastidiousness that unfits him for doing the 
rough work of a workaday world. ' ' 

From address at Detroit, Mich., May 18, 1916 : 
''The pacifists of today, the peace-at-any-price men, 
are the spiritual and moral heirs of the men who 
denounced and opposed Washington; of the men who 
denounced and voted against Abraham Lincoln. 

"The working man, like the farmer and the business 
man, must be a patriot first or he is unfit to live in 
America ; and the first duty of all patriots is to see that 
we are able to prevent alien conquerors from dictating 
our home policies. 

321 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

."I believe in a thoroughly efficient navy, the second 
in size in the world. 

''No nation will ever attack a unified and prepared 
America." 

From a statement as President on November 8, 1904 : 
''I am deeply sensible of the honor done me by the 
American people in thus expressing their confidence in 
what I have done and have tried to do. I appreciate to 
the full the solemn responsibility this confidence imposes 
upon me, and I shall do all that in my power lies not to 
forfeit it." 

From speech delivered at Auditorium, Chicago, Sep- 
tember 3, 1903 : 

''There is a homely old adage which runs: 'Speak 
softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.' If the 
American nation will speak softly, and yet build and 
keep at a pitch of the highest training a thoroughly effi- 
cient navy, the Monroe doctrine will go far." 

From address at Logansport, Ind., September 24, 
1902: 

"It is the merest truism to say that in the modern 
world industrialism is the great factor in the growth of 
nations. Material prosperity is the foundation upon 
which a very mighty national structure must be built. Of 
course there must be more than this. There must be a 
highly moral purpose, a life of the spirit which finds its 
expression in many different ways; but unless material 
prosperity exists also there is scant room in which to 
develop the higher life." 

349 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

From lecture on ''The World Movement" at the Uni- 
versity of Berlin, May 12, 1910 : 

"It is no impossible dream to build up a civilization 
in which morality, ethical development, and a true feeling 
of brotherhood shall all alike be divorced from false senti- 
mentality, and from the rancorous and evil passions 
which, curiously enough, so often accompany professions 
of sentimental attachment to the rights of man." 

"This world movement of civilization which is now 
felt throbbing in every corner of the globe, should bind 
the nations of the world together while yet leaving unim- 
paired that love of country in the individual citizen which 
in the present stage of the world's progress is essential 
to the world's well being." 

"Unjust war is to be abhorred; but woe to the nation 
that does not make ready to hold its own in time of need 
against all who would harm it; and woe thrice to the 
nation in which the average man loses the fighting edge, 
loses the power to serve as a soldier if the day of need 
should arise." 

"Better faithful than famous," used to be one of his 
characteristic sayings, wrote Jacob Riis in his hfe of the 
former President. "It has been his rule all his life. A 
classmate of Roosevelt told me recently of being present 
at a Harvard reunion when a professor told of asking a 
graduate what would be his work in life. 

" '0,' said he, 'really, you know, nothing seems to me 
much worth while.' Roosevelt got up and said to the 
professor: 

" 'That fellow ought to have been knocked on the 
head. I would take my chances with a blackmailing 
policeman sooner than with him.' " 

360 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

His Supreme Test 

Theodore Koosevelt's devotion to his country above 
all else was never more courageously shown than in the 
statement he issued July 17, 1918, upon receiving the 
news of his son, Quentin's, death in an aerial combat 
in France. 

Colonel Roosevelt said: 

* ' Quentin 's mother and I are very glad that he got to 
the front and had the chance to render some service to 
his country and to show the stuff there was in him before 
his fate befell him. ' ' 

General Pershing, verifying the report of Quentin's 
death, wired the Colonel : 

''You may well be proud of your gift to the nation in 
his supreme sacrifice." 



Out of rcsfpcct for lf)c i^lcmorp of 
former ^resilient 

tlTfjeobore EooStbcIt 

all toork in our 

Wii)o\tia\c anb 3Rctail Stores 

tnill ctait for 5 minuted tobap 

from 1 : 45 iJ. ill. to 1 : 50 X^ ^. 



A Typical Tribute of Respect by the Commercial World 
reproduced in facsimile from the announcements of Mar- 
shall Field & Co. on the morning: of Colonel Roosevelt's 
funeral, January 8, 1919. 

376 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 



ROOSEVELT 

Who goes there? An American! 

Brain and spirit and brawn and heart, 
'Twas for him that the nations spared 

Each to the years its noblest part; 
Till from the Dutch, the Gaul and Celt 

Blossomed the soul of Roosevelt. 

Student, trooper, and gentleman 
Level-lidded with times and kings, 

His the voice for a comrade's cheer. 
His the ear when the saber rings. 

Hero shades of the old days melt 
In the quick pulse of Roosevelt. 

Hand that's molded to hilt of sword; 

Heart that ever has laughed at fear ; 
Type and pattern of civic pride; 

Wit and grace of the cavalier ; 
All that his fathers prayed and felt 

Gleams in the glance of Roosevelt. 

Who goes there? An American! 

Man to the core — as men should be. 
Let him pass through the lines alone. 

Type of the sons of Liberty. 
Here, where his fathers ' fathers dwelt, 

Honor and faith for Roosevelt ! 

Grace Duffie Boylan (1901), 



384 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

NEW YORK CITY'S TRIBUTE 

The routine of life in New York City stopped for a 
minute on January 8, 1919, in honor of ex-President 
Roosevelt. At one minute before 2 o 'clock, when the body 
of Colonel Roosevelt was being laid in the grave, the 
business of the city practically came to a standstill. 
Patrolmen on traffic duty or elsewhere on their posts 
bared their heads for a minute and great throngs in all 
parts of the town followed their example. 

Power on the traction lines was shut off for a minute 
and many thousands of citizens halted at the ticket gates. 
Lights in the trains were lowered and the passengers took 
off their hats in tribute to the memory of the distin- 
guished American. 

Promptly at 12:30 o'clock the bells of Trinity Church 
was tolled at short intervals, and they w^ere followed by 
the bells of the City Hall tower, St. Paul's Church, and 
many other churches in the city. By order of the Board 
of Education all the public schools were closed at noon 
and the city's 800,000 pupils dismissed after short talks 
by the teachers on the lessons of Colonel Roosevelt's life. 

The Board of Superintendents announced yesterday 
that it had decided to name the new commercial high 
school in the Bronx Roosevelt High School. The regular 
meeting of the Board of Education, scheduled for 4 
o'clock yesterday afternoon, was postponed until 
tomorrow. 

Closing of Exchanges 

The Stock Exchange closed at 12:30. Some of the 

other Exchanges were closed all day. The offices of the 

Republican National Committee in New York and other 

cities were closed for the day. The courts were closed, 

423 




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Theodore Roosevelt at Six Stages of His Life. 
TOP: The Boy — The Harvard Man — The Assemblyman. 
BOTTOM: The Governor — The President — The Explorer. 




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Missouri. "This country, which we believe will reach 
position of leadership never equaled, should so act that 
posterity will justly say when speaking of us: 
'That nation built good roads. 




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Leaving the State House, Salem. Oregon. With the President 
"^ Are Governor Chamberlain. George CBrownell, 

L. T. Harris and Mayor C. P. Bishop. 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

with few exceptions, and those that remained open in the 
morning closed at 1 o 'clock. Minute salutes were fired by 
warships in the Hudson, and the crews on vessels in the 
waters adjacent to New York stood at attention during 
the memorial minute. 

Services in the Churches 
Many business men attended services in Trinity 
Church and St. Paul's Chapel. The service at St. Paul's 
was conducted by the Rev. J. P. McComas, the Vicar, and 
that in Trinity by a curate, who took the place of Dr. 
Manning, the rector, who attended the Oyster Bay serv- 
ices. In both churches an adaptation of the Commenda- 
tory Prayer was offered and, as a departure from the 
usual practice. Colonel Roosevelt was referred to by 
name. Here is the prayer, in part : 

We humbly commend the soul of Thy servant, Theodore Roosevelt, 
our departed brother, into Thy hands as into the hands of a faithful 
Creator and most merciful Saviour, most humbly beseeching Thee 
that it may be precious in Thy sight. 

Following the prayer, the worshippers sang ''Now 
the Laborer's Task Is Done" and ''Abide with Me." In 
St. Paul's Chapel the pew that George Washington used 
to occupy and known as the "President's pew," was 
draped in mourning, while over the chancel hung an 
American flag. 

Honored in Court 

Directly the Judges took their seats in the Courts of 
Special Sessions and General Sessions an announcement 
was made that an adjournment would be taken for the 
day in memory of the late President. 

On motion of Assistant United States District 
Attorney Ben A. Matthews the Criminal Branch of the 

424 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Federal District Court, presided over by Judge John C. 
Knox, was adjourned for the day. In adjourning court 
Judge Knox paid a tribute to Colonel Roosevelt, and 
said that the whole world would bear tribute to the distin- 
g-uished ex-President's magnificent energy, splendid 
courage, and intense patriotism. 

In a downtown restaurant where an orchestra plays 
daily at noon, Chopin's ''Funeral March" was played as 
the church bells began to toll. The patrons of the 
restaurant stood up with uncovered heads for a minute. 
All the twenty-four parts of the Supreme Court in the 
County Court House closed at noon, and the Appellate 
Division did not meet all day. Business in the Federal 
Courts in the Post Office Building was also at a standstill. 

Truck Drivers' Tribute 

The tribute of the day was not confined to people in any 
one cross-section of the city life. Drivers of trucks stuck 
American flags into their horses' harness and hung 
streamers of crape from their manes. All Federal depart- 
ments in Brooklyn, except the Post Office, closed down at 
12:30 and did not re-open for business until 2:15. The 
bell in the Borough Hall tower was tolled during the time 
of the funeral service. 

In Part I., General Sessions, Judge Mclntyre paid a 
tribute to the life and work of Colonel Roosevelt. District 
Attorney Swann, who moved that the court adjourn out 
of respect to the late President's memory, said the loss 
to the nation was irreparable. Frederick A. Tanner, 
ex-Chairman of the Republican State Committee, who 
was in the courtroom, said Colonel Roosevelt was "our 
brightest example of a great publicist who gave all the 

425 



George Keith. 

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How Firm a Foondatl 



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1. How firm a foun-da-tion,ye saints of the Lord, Is laid for your fafth in His 
2."Fearnot, I am with thee, be notdia-mayed.For I am thy God, I will 
3."Whenthro'thedeepwater8 I call thee to go, The riy-ers of Borrowshall 
4."Whenthro'fi-ery tri - als thy path-way shall lie, My grace,aU-suf-ficient, shall 



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Btill givetheeaid; I'll 8tMngtbenlhe«,helpthee,anacansetheetostand,Up-held by my 
not o-Terflow;For I will be with thee, thy tri-als to bless, And sanc-ti-fy 
be thy sup-ply, Theflame88hallnot1mrtthee;Ion-ly de-sign Thy dross to con- 

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ref-nge to Je - sns have fled? To you, who for ref-uge to Je-sus have fled? 
gra-cious,om-nip - o-tent hand,Up-helJ by my gra-cious,om-nip-o-tenthand. 
to thee thy deep - est dis - tress, And sanc-ti - fy to thee thy deep-est d istress. 
8ume,and thy gold to re -fine, Thydrossto consume, andthygofd to re-fine.' 

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George Keith. 

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How Firm a Foandation. 



Anne Steele. 



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Colonel Roosevelt's Favorite Hymn, with Two Tunes to Which It Is Sung. 

96 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

time and energy of his mature years to the public 
welfare. ' ' 

In the General Sessions Courts presided over by 
Judges Nott and Rosalsky it was directed that suitable 
inscriptions be made in the minutes, and both Judges 
made brief talks to the assembled lawyers. 

Loss to the Japanese 

Speaking to the members of the Japanese Club, 
Baron Makino, Ambassador with the Japanese Peace 
Mission, said just before sailing for France. 

''I cannot close without a reference to the sad national 
event which has cast a gloom over this community. In 
the death of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, former Presi- 
dent of the United States, not only has America lost a 
great man, but Japan will mourn the passing of a very 
real and loyal friend. 

''The death of Colonel Roosevelt leaves a gap in the 
ranks of men who have made the history of the world. 
As a friend of Japan, he has been consistent in render- 
ing our country valuable services which will always be 
appreciated. I perhaps might make a special reference 
to his share in bringing about the conclusion of the war 
between Japan and Russia. 

''The ending of that war was one of the most import- 
ant features of a struggle in which there were three dis- 
tinct phases, all favorable to Japan. The first of these 
was the beginning. Japan was forced into war in self- 
defense and in defense of her national integrities, but the 
time of the commencement was opportune and favorable. 

"In the second place, the war was conducted for one 
year and a half ^^ithout attempt at intervention, and 

426 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

throughout the struggle we were remarkably favored with 
the sympathy of neutral nations. 

''The last phase was the termination. When Japan 
had proved herself and the prowess of her soldiers and 
her navy, the convention was called, and the conclusion 
of the terms which brought about an honorable peace was 
due greatly to the attitude taken by President Roosevelt. 

"Later, when difficulties arose between Japan and 
America in connection with incidents in California, the 
President lent his powerful voice to the arrangement of 
amicable settlements. The same course he followed at 
the time of the passage of what we could not but regard 
as unfortunate legislation in California, when he was 
unsparing in his sympathy and effort. Throughout the 
period of the great war now closed he had taken occasion 
from time to time to express opinions which were much 
appreciated in Japan. There he was regarded as a 
statesman and an American of the highest character and 
principle. These are some of the main reasons why we 
mourn with this friendly country the loss of a great 
citizen and a loyal friend. ' ' 

Board of Trade's Tribute 

The New York Board of Trade and Transportation, 
at its regular monthly meeting held January 8, at 203 
Broadway, paid tribute to Colonel Roosevelt in a resolu- 
tion presented by William H. Gibson, and unanimously 
adopted, in which it was recited that Colonel Roosevelt 
''gave to the performance of each office that strenuous 
energy and aggressive intelligence that made him known 
throughout the world as the foremost champion of gov- 
ernment based on justice and liberty under the law. ' ' 

In behalf of the Board of Trade and Transportation, 

427 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

President Lee Kohns sent the following telegram to Mrs. 
Roosevelt : 

''The New York Board of Trade and Transportation, 
in common with all people, mourns for your illustrious 
husband. His services to our country, both as head of 
the nation and as a private citizen, have been invaluable, 
and they are unforgettable. History will accord him his 
place as one of our greatest Presidents. Permit me on 
behalf of this organization to send you this message of 
tender sympathy and of profound regret that this added 
sorrow should come to you. ' ' 

A Characteristic Letter 

What was probably one of the last, if not the very 
last, letter w^ritten by Colonel Roosevelt before he died 
was received by William Beebe, the naturalist, of 33 West 
Sixty-seventh Street, twelve hours after the Colonel's 
death. In the letter the Colonel pointed out a technical 
error in a volume of 250,000 words on pheasants written 
by Mr. Beebe, who has devoted many years to a study of 
the subject. Here is the letter : 

Dear Beebe: I have read through your really wonderful volume, 
and I am writing Colonel Kuster about it. I cannot speak too highly 
of the work. Now, a question: on page xxiiii, final paragraph, there 
is an obviously incorrect sentence about which I formerly spoke to you. 
Ought you not call attention to it and correct it in the second volume? 
In it you say by inference that the grouse of the Old World and the 
grouse of the New World are in separate families, although I believe 
that three of the genera and one of the specie are identical. More- 
over, you say that the family of pheasants include not only the 
pheasants but the partridges and quail of the Old and the grouse of 
the New World, and furthermore red-legged partridges and francolins, 
which of course you have already included in the term of partridges 
and quail of the Old World. Obviously some one has made a mistake, 
and I cannot even form a guess of what was originally intended. Do 
yon mind telling me, and I can say in my review that this slip of the 
printer will be corrected in some subsequent edition? 

Faithfully yours, 

T. R. 

Mr. William Beebe, New York Zoological Park, New York. 

426 



LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

A Faithful Old Nurse 

In the home of Mrs. Mary Ledwith, 89 years old, of 
336 East Thirty-first Street, for more than fifty years 
governess and nurse in the Eoosevelt family, the portrait 
of Colonel Eoosevelt was draped in black on the day of 
the funeral. Mrs. Ledwith was employed by the family 
of Mrs. Roosevelt before she took up her employ in the 
family of the Colonel, where she remained until his 
second term in the White House. 

Her room is filled with portraits of the members of 
the Roosevelt family, and Mrs. Ledwith yesterday told of 
the frequent visits made by Colonel Roosevelt to her 
home. The last visit, Mrs. Ledwith said, was made by 
him in April, 1918, when he came bounding up the stairs 
to her apartment on the second floor, knocked on the 
door, and burst into the room with a hearty greeting. 

''Well, I'll probably be arrested as a burglar," were 
his first words on that occasion to Mrs. Ledwith. ''I have 
entered three apartments already in search of you and 
the tenants seemed badly scared." 

Mrs. Ledwith said she was with Mrs. Roosevelt's 
family long before the Colonel's wife was born and put 
her first baby dress on her. When Theodore Roosevelt 
married Miss Carow, Mrs. Ledwith accompanied them to 
London. She entered the employ of the Carows during 
Buchanan's presidency when the Carow homestead was 
at Fourteenth Street and Broadway, which in those days 
was well out in the country. 



438 



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